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(No Model.) 6 sheets-Sheet 1,

T. HARRISON.

LOOM. No. 440,591'. Patented N0v.-11, 1890.

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(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 2,

T. HARRISON.

LOOM.

No. 440,591. Patented Nov. 1'1, 1890.

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'I'. HARRISON.

LOOM.

No. 410,591.V 135116111811 Nov. 11, 1890.

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' (No Model.)

T. HARRISON.

LOOM.

No. 440,591. Patented Nov. 11, 1890.

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T. HARRISOIT. LOOM. No. 440,591. Patented Nov. 11, 1890.

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10.440,591. Patented Nov. 11,1890.

is? WITNESSES: INVENTQR: kb.. OA. @ud JW www )M/4f. WWW/221i?? UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS HARRISON, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO SOI-IEPPERS BROTHERS, OF SAME PLACE.

LOOM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 440,591, dated November 11, 1890. Application iiled March 24.1887. Serial No. 232,234. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THoMAs HAEEIsoN, of

vers, which levers are adapted when so raisedA to engage with the lever-operating mechanism. As is well known, these rolls are'arranged upon transverse rods connected by links in the form of an endless chain, the structure being termed the harness-chain and passing over sprocket-wheels. The movement of this chain brings the rolls successivelyinto play beneath the lever-hooks. The pattern which can be thus produced is necessarily limited by the number of transverse rods in the chain, since, of course, starting from any givem rod, the pattern must repeat whenever by the round-and-round movement of the chain this same rod recurs inv operation. Owing to the weight and cumbrousness of the chains thus built up it is not practicable, with the mechanism of this character heretofore in use, to produce a pattern of very great length, since there are practical limits to the number of links or rods which can be successfully employed.

My invention is intended to produce with a harness-chain of moderate length a pattern Innch longer than the ordinary round-andround movement of such achain could give, and the underlying principle of my invention is as follows:

Instead of deriving the harness-lever movements from successive rods in the chain, the chain-cylinder is rotated sufciently to move the chain forward two rods at each pick of the loom. Obviously the lever movements will then be derived from the rolls upon alternate rods, the intermediate rods being skipped. Of course if such a system were continuously kept up (the intermediate rods being inoperative) the capacity of the chain would be exhausted in just half the time of the ordinary system; but it the movements of the chain-cylinder be controlled so that for a time it shall move the chain forward two rods at each pick, and then for a single pick move one rod, and then again resume its tworod movement, it will be seen that those rods which had before been skipped would now become the operative ones, and the former operative ones would now be skipped. Of course if this set of pairs or groups of rods were continuously operative their limit would also soon be reached, just as-in the case of 1 their alternates; but it the movements of the chain-cylinder are susceptible of repeated variations by a series of regular or irregular movements the rods of either group can be made temporarily operative, or the rods can be caused to alternate directly for a time and then by pairs, so that by using two groups of harness-chain rods and varying the manner of their use the limit of the pattern is only fixed by the recurrence of the series ot movements of the chain-cylinder itself. If these varied movements of the chain-cylinder be produced automatically by a secondary endless chain having groupings of rolls or projections upon it, which cause the variations ot the movement of the chain, it is only when this second endless chain has made a complete round-and-roun d movement that the series of modifications in the movement of the primary pattern-chain will be complete. Moreover, since the motion of the primary pattern-chain can be reversed in the wellknown manner, such reversal (accompanied by a corresponding reversal of the secondary chain) will bring about a further range of possible variations in the pattern.

The invention Inay therefore broadly be de- Iined as consisting in an endless pattern-chain whose units are arranged to form two series, the individuals which constitute one series alternating with those of the other, actuating mechanism normally moving said chain a distance equal to two units, and devices whereby the normal movement of said chain may be modified so as to throw either series int-o operation for any desired period.

IOO

The best method known to me of modifying the movements of the pattern-chain cylinder is the use of a secondary endless chain having at intervals projections or balls adapted to operate upon a member of the harnesslever group. The lever acted upon controls a shifting-crank, which forms part of the driving system of the pattern-chain cylinder, and which when in one position causes said cylinder to advance more than one rod of the pattern-chain, but in the other position limits the advance to one rod. To economize the movement of the secondary chain, I prefer not to drive it continuously, but to advance it only at intervals, and for this purpose I control its actuating device by another member of the harness-lever group, which is thrown into play by a set of rolls on the primary pattern-chain itself.

The following speeication describes an embodiment of the invention in a Crompton loom with a reversible harness-chain, the harness-levers being actuated, for instance, in the manner described in Letters Patent of the United States, No. 51,928, dated January 9, 1865.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents apar- Vtial front view of the said loom, Fig. 1EL being a continuation of the upper portion of the frame thereof. Fig. 2 is an end view of the loom with the primary pattern-chain removed to'show the parts beneath. Figs. 3 and 4 are side views of the mechanism by which the primary pattern-chain cylinder is driven, certain portions of the automatic reversing mechanism being also shown in two different positions. Fig. 5 is a view of the primary pattern-chain as seen from the end of the loom, showing, also, some of the adjacent parts. Figs. 6 and 7 are detail views of the pawl-andratchet devices which actuate the secondary pattern-chain, showing the positions of the parts in both the regular and reversed running of the chain. Fig. 8 is adetail view, on an enlarged scale, of the device whereby either or both of the pawls may be thrown out of action. Figs. 9 and 10 are side views of the first harness-lever, which controls the motion of the primary pattern-chain cylinder, showing .the same in two differentpositions and showing, also, a portion of the secondary patternchain by which its movements are controlled, and the shifting-crank mechanism which is actuated by said movements. Figs. 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 are detail views, on an enlarged scale, of the shifting-crank mechanism and the gear upon which the same operates, Fig. 1,2 being a vertical section on the line x ai of Fig. 13, and Fig. 11 being a similar section upon the line y jl/of Fig. 14:. Figs. 16 and 17 are partial rear views of the loom, showing the details of the tension device connected with the let-off, and the harness-lever, by which the tension is automatically controlled.

The frame of the loom is represented at S, the lathe at T, the reed at V, the heddles at U, the fabric-beam at W, and the warp-beam at G. No detailed description of these parts is deemed necessary, and their position is simply indicated to show their relation to the parts which embody my invention.

P represents the group of harness-levers driven in the ordinary way by means of 0scillating cross-heads Q Q.

M, Fig. 5, represents the primary patternchain, built up in the usual way by the placing of rolls m, m, dto., at proper intervals on transverse rods carried by the end links L.

H is the chain-cylinder having sprocketwheels h, which engage with the rods of the primary pattern-chain. Said chain-cylinder is mounted in horizontal bearings beneath the hinged hooks of the harness-levers, and it is driven by means of the bevel-gears dg d1", the former of which is mounted upon a vertical shaft d8, supported in suitable bearings upon a portion of the frame S. Near the bottom of the shaft d8 are two opposing bevelgears d6 d?, which run loosely thereon and engage with a bevel-gear C, mounted upon a horizontal shaft 021. Adouble clutch-collar d5, (see Figs. 3 and 4,) sliding on a feather on the shaft d8, can be shifted by the vertical movement of a rod d3, so as to engage with either one of the bevel-gears d6 Z7 and thus couple it to the shaft d8. As the gears d6 di' are opposing, the engagement of one (while the other runs free) will cause the shaft d8 to rotate in one direction, and the engagement of the other reverses the motion of said shaft. This reversing double clutch, the details of which are well understood, need not be further described. The shifting of said clutch is effected by means of a horizontal lever d2, having a pi-voted connection at du to the vertically-movable rod d3, to which the clutch is rigidly attached at d4. Said lever d2 vibrates upon a pivot iiXed to the frame S at (i12, and is connected by means of cords CZ passing over pulleys d CZ with the harnesslever D, having a pivoted hook D', which when raised by one of the rolls upon the primary pattern engages with the vibrating cross-head Q, so as to throw the lever D outward. The movement of the lever D, thus effected, actuates the lever d2, and the clutch mechanism is thereby actuated so as to reverse the motion of the vertical shaft d8, and consequently of the chain-cylinder I-I. The lever d2, and, consequently the clutch d5, are returned to their former position in a similar manner by the hook D being allowed to fall by the harness-chain, when it engages with the other vibrating cross-head Q', which draws the harness-lever D inward, and consequently the lever cl2 and. clutch d5, to their previous position. The details of this reversing mechanism have been described at this point because they are so closely associated with the driving mechanism of the chain-cylinderH that they must be understood in order to coinprehend the control of the latter.

The A-bevel-gear C, which drives the shaft d8, is mounted upon the end of a horizontal IOC IIO

tinuity of its locking-surface. p ever, the disk cB is shifted toward the cylinshaft 021, which carries at its other end a gear-` The teeth of wheel c. (See Figs. 11 to 15.) this gear-wheel c have the peculiar shape shown in the sectional views, in order that it may be driven intermittingly by means of wrist-pins c c2, and that during theintervals of operation the wheel will be locked by the contact between the concave end of the tooth and the opposing surface of the cylinder c5, which rotates continuously with the shaft C2, which is driven from the main driving-shaft of the loom. The pin c2 is mounted upon a disk c3, rigidly attached to the shaft C2 and to the cylinder C5. The said cylinder has aconcavity c6 immediately beneath the pin c2, and also another concavity cT adjacent thereto, (see Fig. 11,) in order to permit the passage of the teeth upon the gear c when said gear is rotated by the pins. The pin c2 is always in position to engage at each rotation with4 the gear c and move it forward a distance equal to one tooth, and the movement of one tooth upon said gear c, when transmitted byv means of the gear C, the gear upon the vertical shaft de engaged thereby, and the said vertical shaft to the chain-cylinder H, would advance the latter the distance of one rod in the primary pattern-chain.

In order to advance the gear c a distance equal to two teeth (and the primary patternchain two rods) I provide another pin c', which is mounted upon a disk CB, attached to a cylindrical sliding hub C4, rotating with' the feathered shaft C2 and movable longitudinally thereon. Said pin, as shown clearly in Fig. 15, carries at its outer end a projecting segment c, which corresponds exactly on its inner surface with the concavity c7 of the cylinder c5, and on its upper side with the periphery of the same. The disk cs being movable upon the shaft C2 toward and from said cylinder c5, it will be seen that in one position (shown in Figs. 12 and 13) the pin c2 will be clear of the gear c; butthe projecting segment c4 will fill up the concavity c7 in the face of the cylinder c5, and thus preserve the con- Vhen, howder c5, the pin c2, as shown in Figs. 11 and 14,

comes into position to engage with a tooth upon the gear c, while the projecting segment c4 is pushed through an opening of the disk` c3 beyond the cylinder c5, and an open space c7 for the passage of the tooth is thus left beneath the pin c similar to that which permanently exists beneath the pin c2.

When both the pins c and c2 are operative, as shown in Figs. 1, 9, 11, and 14, the gear c4 will be advanced two teeth, and during the remainder of the revolution of the shaft C'rz said gear c will be positively locked by means of the cylinder c5. Thus through the 'intermediate gearing the chain-cylinder H will be rotated sufficiently to advance two rods of the primary pattern-chain; but when by the withdrawal of t-he pin c and the substitution therefor of the segment c4 only one pin is operative, as shown in Figs. 10, 12, and 13, the primary pattern will be advanced only one rod. Such is the actual driving mechanism of the chain-cylinder H, and such are the movements which produce the groupings of the operative rods upon the primary patternchain. The method of controlling these movementsby means of a secondary chain will now be described.

Returning to the main View of Fig. 1, A represents the secondary pattern-chain running upon asuitable system of friction-rollers S', mounted upon the frame S. This chain may be of very light build, and therefore of considerable length, and it is provided at suitable intervals with projecting studs or balls a, which are the operative portions, and which are analogous therefore to the rolls or risers upon the primary pattern-chain. The secondary pattern-chain is actuated bya sprocket-wheel a2, (see Figs. 9 and 10,) mounted-upon a shaft w33, which is provided with two ratchet-wheels as a9,- Figs. 1, 6, 7, and 8, whose teeth are in opposite directions, so that by means ofv the proper pawls a4 a5 the sprocket-wheel can be rotated in either direction. The details of this pawl-and-ratchet mechanism are shown in Figs. G, 7, and 8. At the ends of the oscillating cross-heads Q and Q', respectively, I attach (see Fig. 1 and 2) connecting-rods a7 a7 a a6, which are journaled upon wrist-pins carried by the rocking head a'. The pawls a4 and a5 are pivoted, respectively, to the rods va7 and a nearest to the front of the loom, and are in different planes, as shown in Fig. 8, so as to engage with their respective ratchets, which are separated by a disk a3. Beneath the pawls are two rests o and o', arranged at right angles to one another upon a turn-key O.. The rest o is beneath the pawl a5 and the rest o is beneath the pawl a4. Consequently when said turn-key is turned'by hand the said rests will rotate accordingly, and as the pawls are in their respective planes of rotation the rests can be made to throw either or both of the pawls out of contact with their respective ratchets.

In Fig. 6 the pawl at a4 is inoperative, being supported by its rest o', while in Fig. 7 the pawl a5 is inoperative, being supported upon its rest o.

The pawls a4 a5 are suspended by cords n4 and n, respectively, which are both attached to a cord n2 passing over a pulley n3.

The cord n2 4is attached to a verticallymovable finger or latch n, which for convenience I attach to a member N of the harness-lever group in the same manner as the hooks of the other members of this group are attached,so that it is capable of receiving a vertical movement from a set of rollers on the primary pattern chain H. The latch IOO IIO

IIS

fected by their movement; Consequently the lever N, to which the latch n is attached, is

not an operative part, but is merely utilized as a convenient means of support for the finger n, so as to bring the latter under the influence of the primary pattern-chain.

The length of the cords 712W* a5 is such that when the fingern is in its normal position the pawls are held clear of their respective ratchets, and it is only when said nger n has been raised by one of the rolls of the primary pattern-chain coming beneath it that the pawl which isin operation can descend and engage with its ratchet. Fig. 6 shows the finger n thus raised and the pawl a5 engaging with its ratchet, the other pawl a4 being thrown out of operation by means of its rest, and its cord 'n4 consequently hanging loose. The converse is shown in Fig. 7, where the pawl a5 is raised upon its rest 0 and the other pawl a4 is operative. It will thus be seen that although both pawls move at each reciprocation of the cross-heads Q Q one of them is always rendered inoperative by the interposition of its rest, and the other is only permitted to operate when lowered by the rising of the finger n upon a roll on the primary pattern-chain. Thus the rotation of the sprocketwheel a2, which carries the secondary patternchain, only occurs at desired intervals, and hence the movement of the chain is greatly economized.

The manner in which the secondary pattern-chain controls the driving mechanism of the primary pattern-chain cylinder will now be described by reference to Figs. 9 and 10. Resting upon the secondary pattern-chain A at a point adjacent to its sprocket-wheel ai is a bent lever b, whose free end engages beneath the hook b upon the first harness-lever B. The normal position of the leverb and hook b is shown in Fig. 9, where the lever is resting upon the fiat portion of the secondary chain, and the hook b is at such a point that the cross-head Q rides clear of it. Vhen, however, one of the studs or balls a upon the secondary pattern-chain comes beneath the downward bend of the lever b it raises said lever, and with it the hook b', so that the latter will now engage with the cross-head Q, which then throws the upper end of the harness-lever B outward or toward the left. This motion of the harness-lever is communicated by means of the cord h2 to the diagonallyplaced lever b3, pivoted at bs on a projection or stand upon the frame S. The lower end of the lever b3 is bifurcated, so as to fit in a groove C3, formed in the cylinder C4, to which the disk c8 is secured. As before stated, this cylinder and disk which carry the second wrist-pin c are capable of longitudinal movement upon the shaft C?, so that the movement of the diagonal lever b3 will shift said wristpin toward or from the gear-wheel c. The effect of such shifting of the pin has before been described. Thus by suitable distribution of the balls a upon the secondary lpattern-chain the shifting movement of the lever can be effected at any desired intervals. The return of the shifting-lever b3 to its normal position is effected by means of a spring e2; but as it is not desirable that the said return movement should commence immediately with the return movement of the harness-lever B, I provide a stop device which retards it in the following manner: Near the upper end of the lever b3 is a transverse pin e', upon which rests a pivoted finger c, having a shoulder e5 a short distance from its end. Said finger e is drawn downward bythe spring e6, so as to always rest upon theY pin e. A cord e3 connects the fingere with an arm e7, mounted upon the rock-shaft E lof the rocking head. The shaft Eis rocked in the manner described in Letters Patent No. 51,928, above referred to, from the main driving-shaft of the loom, the connecting mechanism not being shown in the drawings, oscillating the cross-heads Q Q at each vibration; but the length of the string c3 is such that it hangs loose during a greater part of the rocking movement and only pulls upon the finger e for a brief interval toward the close of said movement.

Referring now to Fig. 9, it will be seen that the shifting-lever b3 is in its normal position and the finger e. is resting upon the pin e clear of the shoulder e5. When, however, the shifting-lever is thrown to the left, (see Fig. 10,) the pin c moves beyond said shoulder, whereupon the spring e6 draws the finger e downward, so that when by the return movement of the harness-lever B the spring e2 would tend to draw the shifting-lever back into position it is prevented from so doing by the contact between the shoulder e5 and the pin e. lVhen, however, the return movement of the cross-head Q is nearly complete, the arm eT has risen sufficiently to tighten the cord es, as shown in dotted lines, and during a last fraction of the said return movement the finger e is raised by the cord, sothat the shoulder e5 clears the pin e', whereupon the shifting-lever h3 is quickly drawn back into its normal position by means of the spring e2. The retardationy of the return is necessary to prevent the pin c? from being reinserted at a wrong moment between the teeth of th gear-wheel c.

It will be observedin the foregoing description that the secondary pattern-chain has been arranged to act upon the harness-lever hook b by an intermediate lever l1. This method is selected because it facilitates the application of said chain to existing looms of the Crompton type. The same is true of the drivingV mechanism of the pawl and ratchet which actuates the secondary pattern-chain. Obviously, however, these details can be modified and the necessary movements taken from or imparted to other elements of the loom without altering the principle of the invention, so that I do not limit my claim to this particular embodiment. p l To accommodate the tension upon the warps whose shaft G is mounted a flanged pulley S f', around which passes a leather friction-belt or drag f. This belt is fastened to au eye f2, attached to the lever F, carrying the weight F', which causes the tension upon the warps. To take off the tension, it is of course only necessary to raise this lever F, and this I accomplish in the following manner: Upon a portion of the frame S, adjacent to the free end of lever F, I mount a lever r3, turning upon a horizontal axis and having a laterallyprojecting arm Said arm 915 carries at its outer end a pendent hook r', which engages beneath the lever F, A link r2, pivoted upon the axis of the lever r3, receives the end of the weighted lever F, which has a shoulder on its under side, as indicated in the drawings. A segment r is rigidly attached to the arln T5, and the lower end of the said segment is in contact with the link r2, which is drawn toward it by means of a spring rt, attached to the hook r. At the upper and lower ends of the vertical lever rs cords R R2 are attached, which run, respectively, to the upper and lower ends of the harness-lever R, which is controlled in the ordinary way by the primaryT pattern-chain. \Vhen the parts are in their normal position, as shown in Fig. 17, the tension-lever F rest-s solidly upon the link r2, and thus the let-off is without tension. When, however7 by the action of a roll upon the primary pattern chain n, the harness-lever R is thrown into operation, the cord R draws the upper end of the vertical lever r3 to the right, (see Fig. 16,) whereupon the movement of the arm and segment r pushes the link r2 toward the left, so that it slips past the shoulder on the end of the tension-lever F, and as said lever is no longer supported by the link the weight is thrown upon the friction-belt f, thus applying the tension to the warps. Then the return movement of the lmrness-lever R occurs, the cord R2 draws the lower end of the vertical lever r3 to the right. This raises the arm 0'5 so that the hook r engages beneath the tension-lever F and lifts it, whereupon the spring r4 draws the freely-suspended link r2 toward said hook, the movement of the latter being prevented by the pin F5 projecting from the rear of the tension-lever F. As soon as the upward movement of the lever F is completed the link r2 clears the shoulder upon the end of said lever, and is brought beneath the lower surface of the lever so as to again solidly support it. Thus by the arrangement of any number of rolls upon the primary pattern-chain the tension upon the let-off device may be perfectly controlled.

As before stated, the foregoing specifica tion describes the most convenient embodiment now known to me in my invention in connection with a Crompton loom, but I do not wish to be understood as limiting my claims to that particular embodiment, since obviously the means for producing the variations in the movement of the pattern-chain cylinder, can be greatly varied without effecting the principle of my invention. In using the words secondary pattern-chain, therefore,-I donot wish to be understood as limiting myself to the particular separate chain which I have described, for the essence of the invention lies in the arrangement of the primary pattern-chain members in two series, so that the individuals of one alternate with those of the other, and, provided the chainactuating mechanism be capable of properly varying the periods of operation of the respective groups, the mechanical construction of such mechanism is not important.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- I. The combination of a primary patternchain having its units arranged in two series, the individuals of the one serie-s alternating with the individuals of the other, a chain-carrier, actuating-gearing for said carrier, a rotating shaft, a pair of normally-operative actuating-pins carried by said shaft, each of which pins is adapted to move said gearing a distance corresponding with one unit of the chain, but one of which pins is capable of being shifted out of engagement with said gearing, a shifting-lever connected with said movable pin, actuating mechanism, substantially as set forth, for said shiftinglever, and a secondary pattern-chain controlling the operative periods of said shiftinglever, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with the pattern-chain cylinder, the gear c, and the system of shafting and gearing communicating therefrom to the pattern-chain cylinder, of a disk having a pin c2 permanently in operative engagement with said gearing, a movable disk having a pin c', a rotating shaftcarrying said disks,

and shifting mechanism whereby said disk carrying the pin c may be moved longitudinally on said shaft, whereby at a single revolution thereof the said gear c may be advanced either 011e or two teeth, substantially as set forth.

The combination, with the stop-gear c, of the shaft I2, disk c3, pin c2, permanently engaged with said stop-gear, shifting-disk e8, having a pin c', the cylinder c5, having concavities corresponding with the arcs of rotation of said pins, respectively, and a segment c4, carried by the shifting-pin and of such size and shape as to fill the concavity which corresponds with said pin and maintain the surface of the cylinder when said shifting-pin is thrown outof play, whereby the gear c, though IOO capable of advancement at each revolution v of the pins either one or two teeth, is positively locked during t-he whole interval between its advances.

4t. The combination, with the gear c and the shaft C2, disk c3, longitudinally movable thereon, and pin c', carried by said disk, of the shifting-lever b3, having a positive actuating device for moving it in one direction and a spring e2 for effecting its return, the stop-iinger engaging With said shifting-lever upon the conclusion of its positive movement, the releasing device connected with said finger, and actuating mechanism for said releasing device, substantially as set forth, whereby the movement of the releasing device is delayed until the rotation of the shifting-pin beyond the range of contact With the gear c.

5. The combination, With the primary pattern-chain, its cylinder, and actuating mechanism, substantially as set forth, for said cylinder, of a movable pin adapted to engage operatively with said actuating mechanism, shifting mechanism, substantially as set forth, for said pin, a harness-lever connected with said shifting mechanism, actuating mechanism. substantially as set forth, for said harness-lever, a movable hook connected with said harness-lever, a secondary pattern-ch ain, and a lever resting thereon and supporting said hook, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination, With the secondary patternchain and its sprocket-Wheel co2, of the opposingratchets @Sand a9, mounted upon the sprocket-wheel shaft, the pawls a4 and d5, engaging, respectively, With said ratchets, the connecting-rods a7 and a6, carrying said paWls, respectively, the rocking-head a', by which said rods are oscillated, and the rests o and o',- Whereby either of said pawls may be thrown out of operation, the Whole operating substantially in the manner set forth, whereby the movement of the secondary pattern-chain in either direction may be effected bythe movement of the rocking-head.

7. The combination, with the Weighted ltension-lever F, having a shoulder near its free end, of the lever r3, arm T5, hook r', link/r2, segment fr, and spring r4, the harness-lever R, connected With said lever r3, and actuating mechanism, substantially as set forth, for said harness-lever, the Whole operating substan- 45 tially in the manner and for the purposes set forth.

THOMAS HARRISON.

"Witnesses:

CHAs. L. KENNEDY, PHILIPP BAEDER. 

